Deletion of the trpc4 gene and its role in simple and complex strategic learning

The TRPC4 ion channel is expressed extensively in corticolimbic and a subpopulation of midbrain dopamine neurons. While TRPC4 knockout (KO) rats exhibit reduced sociability and social exploration, little is known about the role of TRPC4 in motivation and learning. To identify a function for TRPC4 channels in learning processes  we tested TRPC4 KO and normal wild type (WT) rats. TRPC4 KO and WT rats exhibited no differences in Y-­maze learning or simple discrimination learning. Furthermore, on a more complex serial reversal shift task designed  to assess strategic learning where the reward and non-­reward cues were repeatedly reversed between training sessions both TRPC4 KO and WT rats   performed equally well. Finally, we found no   performance differences when using a conditional reversal shift task where a tone signals the reversal of reward and non-reward cues within sessions. These data suggest that although TRPC4 channels may play a role in social interaction/anxiety  they exert a minimal role in simple and complex strategic learning

Listrik Sebagai Ko-produk Potensial Pabrik Gula

Electricity as a potential co-product of sugar factoryGlobal energy crisis not only impact the increase in electricity price but also influence the shortage of electricity supply, so that the development of bioenergy as a potential renewable energy resource needs to be accomplished. Sugar cane is the potential energy resource to produce electricity. Some sugar producing countries have already sold electricity surplus to local company. Electricity production was about 150 kWh/ton of cane by using technology of condensing/extraction turbines (TCE). Moreover, new technology by using biomass integrated gasification to gas turbines (BIG-GT) was able to produce 300 kWh/ton of cane. Production of electricity by using TCE technology is potential to be applied in some sugar factories in Indonesia. The potential of electricity production in the near future is estimated around 379,310 MWH from surplus of bagasse and around 1,029,630 MWH from trash, so that the total potency of electricity production from sugar cane is about 1,408,940 MWH

Hong Kong firefighters person-organization fit and organizational citizenship behaviour

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education.The purposes of this study were threefold. The primary goal was to examine the fit between the expectations of the management of the Hong Kong Fire Services Department and the self expectation of the front line firefighters on work values. Another goal of this study was to identify the Organizational Citizenship Behaviours (OCB) that are specific to the Hong Kong firefighters and to examine their relationships with favourable organizational behaviour outcomes (i.e. high job satisfaction and organizational commitment, low work stress and ill health). The final goal of this study was to examine the role of supervisors in influencing the firefighters' motive for OCB and its effect on their work attitudes and wellbeing. The Organizational Citizenship Behaviours of the Hong Kong firefighters (FOCB) were identified and validated in a questionnaire survey of 310 Hong Kong firefighters. FOCB not only represents the front line firefighters' expectations of a "Good Firefighter", it also depicts their actual behaviours. FOCB was favourably associated with all outcome measures, suggesting that a Good Firefighter is not only a committed firefighter but is also likely to be happier and healthier firefighter. The management's expectation of an Ideal Firefighter was also identified via analysis of organizational context and rituals. The findings revealed a lack of fit between the expectations of the management and that of the firefighters. Good Firefighters appeared to be concerned very much with values that aimed at satisfying deep needs for self direction, achievement, social relationships, benevolence and personal goal orientation. The management, however, showed less concern on these values and were focused primarily on job performance, through the conservation of organizational tradition, in particular, the paramilitary power and control mechanism. Practical human resource management implications, such as person-organization fit through alignment of values, recruitment selection and value training were discussed. This study also examined the effects of different motives for Organizational Citizenship Behaviours (OCB) on the work attitudes and wellbeing of the actors. In this regard two new OCB types, namely Instrumental and Genuine OCB, based on the respondents' perceived supervisory support of their overt FOCB, were introduced. It was hypothesized that enacting genuine OCB, disregarding negative perceived supervisory support, was detrimental to the actor's job satisfaction, organizational commitment, works stress and general health condition. The hypotheses were verified. The findings revealed that the favourable outcomes of the FOCB could best be attained with the perceived support of the supervisors. The theoretical implications of the findings are also discussed. Although this study pertains primarily to the Hong Kong firefighters, the universality of the fire service work context and values, implies that the findings may have important implications for fire services worldwide. It is hoped that the present study will trigger other international fire departments' concerns about person-organization fit and a further close examination of their organizational culture and values

Nave industrial para ganado equino y desarrollo de actividades ecuestres

Este proyecto trata el cálculo de una nave industrial cuya aplicación estará destinada al ganado equino y desarrollo de actividades ecuestres. Se ubica en El Cabrio, Valle de Mena (Burgos). La nave está compuesta por una nave principal a dos aguas de 24m y una partición adosada a un agua al lado izquierdo de 6m, dando un total de 30m de ancho. Se compone de 7 pórticos (6 huecos) cada 7m, dando como resultado una nave de 42m de largo, haciendo un total de 1260m2 de superficie construida. En el último vano, tiene una entreplanta, destinada a vestuarios, baños, comedor y una oficina, proporcionándole así a la nave de 168m2 más.Proiektu hau zaldientzako aterpe gisa eta zalditan ibiltzeko ekintzak egitera bideratutako egitura industrial bat kalkulatzen du. El Cabrio herrian dago kokatuta, Mena Haranean (Burgos). 24m-ko bi isurialdeko egitura printzipal batek eta 6m-ko isurialde bakarreko beste batek osatzen dute 30m-ko egitura totala. Egitura, 7 portikok osatzen dute 7m-ro kokatuak, 6 tarte osatuz, beraz 42m-ko luzera lortzen da. Honela, 1260m2-ko azalera da eraikuntzak izango duena. Gainera, azkeneko tartean beste solairu bat egongo da, 168m2-ko azalerakoa, eta bertan aldagelak, komunak, jantokia eta bulego bat egongo dira.The present project goes about the required calculations to build an industrial unit destined to give shelter to horses and to be a place to do horse riding activities. It is located in El Cabrio, in Valle de Mena (Burgos). The industrial unit is made up of a 24m principal gable roof unit and a secondary 6m single water deck unit, which make a total of 30m width. It is based on 7 porticos every 7m, providing the industrial unit with 42m length. That way, the built surface is 1260m2. What is more, in the last hole of the structure, there is a 168m2 mezzanine that will be used for toilets, changing rooms, a dining room and an office